How do I give feedback to students, especially when correcting a wrong answer or statement?

• Respond with a question: "Are you sure that happened before the Bolshevik revolution?"
  
  
• Ask: "What leads you to that conclusion?"
  
  
• Validate their thought process: "Oh, I see. Comparing this sample with that sample, you might think there's a relationship here."
  
  
• State what piece of information they did not take into account, or what implication they did not consider: "Actually, these were taken several miles apart in different ecosystems, so that is not the case.